Control of Zebra Mussels

As previously mentioned throughout this blog Zebra mussels (Dreisenna polymorpha) were introduced in to the great lakes in 1986, and eventually Lake Champlain in 1993, through the release of ballast water (Ludyanksiy 1993).  They cause adverse effects to the ecology and health of the lake system including degradation of Lake trout spawning area, competition with small and larval fish for plantonic resources, and the killing of the lakes native mussels.  Not only does this nuisance species affect animals but people as well.  The edges of the Zebra mussel are incredibly sharp and able to easily slice human skin.  Some of our favorite swimming spots have become colonized by these invaders, making them hazardous to our well being.

Some view education as the only way to curb the attack of Zebra mussels, but several studies have tested more radical solutions to the problem. Claudi (1994) conducted experiments involving the establishment of Zebra mussel larvae of objects such as pipes (a common occurrence that can effectively block flow).  He found that by applying copper to the inside surfaces larval settlement could effectively be reduced.  Other studies found that applying molluscacides, such as Cutrine Ultra, to water systems can potentially help decrease the amount of Zebra mussel larva, as this is the most sensitive life stage to changes in chemical balance (Kennedy 2006).

While the introduction of chemicals into our watershed may seem a viable option for Zebra mussel eradication, it does not come easy.  Chemicals often do not target a single species, and have the ability to effect any organism that comes in contact with it.  This should be taken into consideration when discussing the most effective way to curve and eventually remove the Zebra mussel population

Claudi, R., Mackie, G.L. (1994) Practical Manual for Zebra Mussel Monitoring and Control.  Florida: CRC Press

Kennedy, A.J. (2006) Relative Sensitivity of Zebra Mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) Life-stages to Two Copper Sources. Journal of Great Lakes Research 32(3):596-606

Ludyanksiy, M.L., McDonald, D., Macneill, D. (1993) Impact of a Zebra Mussel, A Bivalve invader. Bioscience. 43(8): 533-544